تضم جمهورية صومالي لاند المحافظات الشمالية الغربية السابقة للصومال، والتي شكّلت ما كان يعرف بمحمية الصومال البريطاني السابق قبل الاستقلال عام 1960والإتحاد مع الصومال الإيطالي في الجنوب ليكوِّنا جمهورية الصومال.

استعادت صومالي لاند استقلالها في مايو1991، بعد الانهيار الكليّ لجمهورية الصومال الديمقراطية في يناير/كانون الثّاني 26, 1991، تحكم البلاد حاليا حكومة انتخبت على نحو ديموقراطي برئاسة فخامة الرئيسِ طاهر ريالي كاهن الذي انتخبَ لفترة خمسة سنوات في الانتخاباتِ الرّئاسيةِ المتعدّد الأحزاب التي جرت في 14 نيسان/أبريلِ 2003.

الدولة:
يتضمّن هيكل الدولة الجهاز القضائي، الأجهزة التشريعية (أي مجلس نواب العشائر ومجلس الوكلاء) والجهاز التنفيذي المكون من الرئيس ومجلس وزرائه الذي يختارهم هو والذين قد لا يكونوا من أعضاء البرلمان.

الموقع والمساحة

تقع جمهورية صومالي لاند في شمال شرقيّ أفريقيا فيما يُعرَف بالقَرن الأفريقي. وهي محاطه من قبل خليج عدن وجيبوتي وإثيوبيا والصومال، بين دائرتي العرض (8- 12.27) شمالاً ، وبين خطي الطول (42.35-49) شرقاً. تقدر مساحة البلاد بنحو 137,600 كيلو مترا مربعا بشريط ساحلي يمتدّ حوالي850 كيلومتر على طول الشواطئ الأفريقية الجنوبية لخليج عدن. 

وصول Sool،

وسَنآج Sanaag.

• Hargeisa is the capital city with an estimated population of 0.3 million.
• Burao,
• Berbera,
• Borama,
• Erigavo
• Las Anod.

Rainfall
The country’s three distinguished topographical features are:
Guban, or the hot arid coastal plains, the rolling highlands of Oogo that also contains some rugged and inaccessible mountain ranges, and the Hawd plateau which stretches southwards, well into the Ethiopian territory. Somaliland receives rainfall ranging between 100 - 300mm per annum. The rainfall pattern is irregular and unevenly distributed both spatially and temporally

Humidity
The humidity of the country varies from 60% in dry season and 92% in wet season

Economy
Somaliland exported slightly over one million goats and sheep, about 150,000 heads of cattle, and 5060 head of camel in 2005 therefore, in essences we can deduce that live animals, fish products, hides and skins are the main exports of Somaliland, thus providing foreign exchange to support the import capacity of the country; and, forming the basis of practically all trade and business activities, export and import.

Human Population
According to the 1997 census, the population of Somaliland was estimated to be 3 million with an estimated population density of 22 persons per Km2. An estimated 55% of the population live in the rural areas, whereas 45% live in urban centres.

Religion
Islam is the state official religion. Islamic faith plays a major role in everyday social life.

Language
Somali and Arabic are the official languages. However, English is widely used especially in day to day business transactions.

Currency
The Somaliland shilling is the official currency. Its denominations are in both bank notes and in coins. The units are subdivided into 500, 100, 20, 10, and 5 shillings besides one shilling coins.

Weights and measures
Since 1973 the decimal metric system was adopted e.g. Gram/kilogram, Meters, and Litres.

Local time
GMT+03:00

Working hours
Government
Saturday- Thursday-7:00-13:00
Business
Saturday-Thursday-7:30-12:30
                              -16:00-20:00
Public Holidays                                                    

• Eid Al Fitri (after Ramadhan)   2 days
• Eid Al Adha (after Hajj)           2 days
• Birthday of Prophet (Mawliid) 1 day
• Islamic New Year day              1 day
• International Labour Day         1st of May
• National days (18-19 may)       2 days
• Independence Day (26june)      1 day

Travelling formalities

Entry Visa requirements
Visa is required before entry into Somaliland. This can be obtained from Somaliland liaison offices in Djibouti, Addis Ababa or could be arranged locally by a representative/ sponsor of the visitor.

Currency regulations
Any amount of foreign currency and travellers cheques can be imported and no declaration to the customs upon arrival is required.

Airport tax
An airport tax of US dollars $20 is charged for any person travelling to and from the country.

Security
Since Somaliland became autonomous there is relatively peace in the entire country. The prevailing security and peace has encouraged business investments by both the local and other major multi-national companies. Peace in the region has encouraged international organizations to operate freely without nay hindrances.